The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of HNL for identifying bacterial infections and to compare HNL with procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP).
This study examined the predictive value of the biomarkers; procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, lactate, neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, and the biphasic activated partial thromboplastin time waveform in diagnosing bacterial infection following cardiac surgery.
For the studied Th1 cytokines (IFN, TNF, IL-6, and IL-1), only IFN showed a significant decrease as a consequence of bacterial infection in mechanically ventilated rats.
To mimic immune response to bacterial infection, human monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the expression of two inflammatory genes, IL1β (interleukin 1β) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α), were simultaneously quantified by monitoring the intron, mRNA, and protein levels over time.
The serum levels of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein performed equally well to differentiate bacterial infection from non-infection in generalized pustular psoriasis patients.
Clinical research data indicate that Mx proteins are biomarkers for many virus infections, with some exceptions, whereas C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin have established positions as general biomarkers for bacterial infections.
CRP and WBC remain important indicators of pneumonia, and according to our findings, pneumonia should be treated as a bacterial disease regardless of the virus findings.
Furthermore, we found that brevenal does not alter cell surface Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression, thereby maintaining the cells' ability to respond to bacterial infection.
The aim of this study was to train and validate the IMS to differentiate between arboviral and common bacterial infections in Southeast Asia and compare its performance against C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT).
Serum PCT could not differentiate SLE patients with or without bacterial infection in this study, while the utility of CRP as a marker of infection has been confirmed.
Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) is a transmembrane receptor that initiates an immune response following a bacterial infection or host derived molecules associated with cellular distress.
This study proposes that there is crosstalk between Hrd1 and TLR4, thereby linking the endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane function during bacterial infection.
When AjTollip was co-transfected with AjMyD88 into HEK293 cells, the luciferase activities of NF-κB were significantly decreased compared with that of AjMyD88 single-transfection groups in natural state or under the stimulation of LPS and poly I:C. These results collectively suggested that AjTollip functions as a negative regulator of MyD88-dependent TLR signaling and plays an important role in fish defense against viral and bacterial infections.
To mimic immune response to bacterial infection, human monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the expression of two inflammatory genes, IL1β (interleukin 1β) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α), were simultaneously quantified by monitoring the intron, mRNA, and protein levels over time.
Nevertheless, for the assessment of the inflammation status and identification of viral infection in other pathologies, such as bacterial infections, the combinatorial use of A-SAA and other acute-phase proteins (APPs), such as CRP and procalcitonin (PCT), can provide more information and sensitivity than the use of any of these proteins alone, and the information generated is important in guiding antibiotic therapy.