Level 1: The use of afatinib is not recommended in patients with brain metastasis due to breast cancer.There is insufficient evidence to make recommendations regarding: the use of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib in patients with brain metastasis due to nonsmall cell lung cancerthe use of BRAF inhibitors dabrafenib and vemurafenib in the treatment of patients with brain metastases due to metastatic melanomathe use of HER2 agents trastuzumab and lapatinib to treat patients with brain metastases due to metastatic breast cancerthe use of vascular endothelial growth factor agents bevacizumab, sunitinib, and sorafenib in the treatment of patients with solid tumor brain metastases.The full guideline can be found at: https://www.cns.org/guidelines/guidelines-treatment-adults-metastatic-brain-tumors/chapter_9.
Here, we have developed an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector to express the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) <i>in vivo</i> A single prophylactic intrathecal administration of AAV9.trastuzumab vector in a novel orthotopic <i>Rag1<sup>-/-</sup></i> murine xenograft model of HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases significantly increased median survival, attenuated brain tumor growth, and preserved both the HER2 antigen specificity and the natural killer cell-associated mechanism of action of trastuzumab.
HER2 status was highly concordant between the paired primary and brain tumors, whereas changes of ER and PR status occurred in a substantial proportion of the patients.
In newly developed double tumor xenogeneic mouse models of brain metastasis this noninvasive method allowed differential diagnosis of HER2- and EGFR-expressing brain tumors.
For example, Temozolomide (TMZ) exhibits some antitumor activity against brain tumors, so does Trastuzumab (Herceptin, Her-2 inhibitor), which might be effective against Her2 neu overexpressing gliomas.
Point mutations in the transmembrane domain of c-erbB-2 gene in human brain tumours were studied by DNA amplification with the polymerase chain reaction method.