The data of previous studies reporting an important role of ERβ in tamoxifen sensitivity and our findings suggest down-regulation of ERβ triggered by PTEN knockdown contributed to the decreased response of breast cancer cells to tamoxifen observed in this study.
A great hallmark of breast cancer is the absence or presence of estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, with a dominant role in cell proliferation, differentiation and cancer progression.
Patient survival according to ESR2 expression levels and TP53 mutation status was analyzed in the basal-like TNBC subgroup in the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (n = 308) and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (n = 46) patient cohorts by univariate Cox regression and log-rank test.All statistical tests are two-sided.
Last two decades has witnessed the discovery of alternate forms of ER-α, as well as other receptors for estrogen such as ERRgamma, GPER-1 as well as ER-β, which are activated not only by estrogen, but also by the therapeutic agents such as tamoxifen that are routinely used in treatment of breast cancer.
The G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), an alternate estrogen receptor (ER) with a structure distinct from the two canonical ERs, being ERα, and ERβ, is expressed in 50% to 60% of breast cancer tissues and has been presumed to be associated with the development of tamoxifen resistance in ERα positive breast cancer.
Overall, our studies for the first time revealed that TRPV2 might be a good prognostic marker for TNBC and ERβ- breast cancer patient especially for those who are treated with chemotherapy.
These data reveal the involvement of cystatins in suppressing breast cancer progression and highlight the value of ERβ-targeted therapies for the treatment of TNBC patients.
Natural phytochemicals modulate oxidative stress, leptin, integrin, HER2, MAPK, ERK, Wnt/β-catenin and NFκB signaling along with regulating ERα and ERβ, thereby presenting unique opportunities for both primary and combinatorial interventions in BC.
ESR1 rs3798577 and ESR2rs1256049 were associated with breast cancer in ER-positive cases, and ESR1 rs2234693, and rs3798577 were associated with breast cancer in Her-2-negative cases, while the association of ESR2rs1256049 with breast cancer was seen in Her-2 positive cases.
Most breast cancers are estrogen dependent and were sensitive to endocrine therapy, and genistein (GEN) shows strong affinity with human oestrogen receptor beta (ERβ).