Malignancy did not correlate with BRAF and CYCLIN D1 expression (P = 0.053 and P = 0.259, respectively), but it did significantly correlate with their heterogeneous expression (P < 0.000, P = 0.024, respectively).
Cyclin D1 overexpression was seen in hyperplasia and metaplasia (6%), mild dysplasia (17%), moderate dysplasia (46%), and CIS (38%) in patients with cancer but was lost in 5% of the patients during the process of invasion; it was also observed in patients with no cancer progression (14%).
Cyclin D1 protein dysregulation at last follow-up alone and in combination with p16 loss was associated with histological progression and cancer development (P < 0.01).
Cyclin D1, a key regulator of the G1/S transition of the cell cycle, is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers as well as certain endocrine tumours.
Cyclin D1, a cell-cycle regulation protein, has been reported to be overexpressed in various types of cancer and to correlate with poor survival of the patients.
CCND1 genetic gain was revealed in 9.06% of the malignant tumors, in 2.70% of the tumors with low malignant potency, and in 4.87% of the benign ovarian tumors.
Cyclin D1 has been strongly implicated in cell proliferation particularly in the G1/S checkpoint of the cell cycle, and prognoses in human malignancies.
Cyclin D1, and to a lesser extent the other D-type cyclins, is frequently deregulated in cancer and is a biomarker of cancer phenotype and disease progression.
Cyclin D1, an oncogenic G1 cyclin which can be induced by environmental carcinogens and whose over-expression may cause dysplasia and carcinoma, has been shown to be a target for cancer chemoprevention and therapy.
Cyclin D1 (CCND1) and E-cadherin (CDH1) are two important genes of the β-catenin/LEF pathway that is involved in tumorigenesis of various cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC).
Cyclin D1 and cyclin E1, as vital regulatory factors of G1-S phase cell cycle progression, are frequently constitutive expressed and associated with pathogenesis and tumorigenesis in most human cancers and they have been regarded as promising targets for cancer therapy.