Prospective cohort studies of Cd and breast cancer risk suggest a significant relationship between increased Cd intake and cancer incidence, with more pronounced effects for estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancers.
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women, where hormone receptor-positive (HR+; estrogen receptor and/or progesterone receptor) BC comprises the majority (>50%) and has better prognosis, while a minority (<20%) are triple negative BC (TNBC), which has an aggressive phenotype.
Cytotoxic activity was studied over a panel of estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) and negative (ER-) human cancer cell lines by means of both 2D and 3D cell viability studies.
For malignant tumors, the association between ADC and major prognostic factors, including histological grade, nuclear grade and lymph node status, as well as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) and proliferation marker protein Ki-67.(Ki-67) status, were evaluated.
Estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, tamoxifen has been universally used for the treatment of the ER-positive breast cancer; however, the inevitable emergence of resistance to tamoxifen obstructs the successful treatment of this cancer.
We aim here to provide a review of recent findings on dynamic transcriptional events mediated by E2-ER alpha with the anticipation that a better understanding of complex regulatory mechanisms underlying ER actions would be a critical basis for the development of effective prognostic tools for and therapeutic interventions against estrogen target tissue malignancies.
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies and the leading cause of women's death, most of breast cancers are estrogen receptor-positive (ER<sup>+</sup>) breast cancer which can develop into advanced stage from early stage with treatment resistance.
This article traces the strategic application of tamoxifen to treat breast cancer by targeting the estrogen receptor (ER), deploying long-term adjuvant tamoxifen therapy, and becoming the first chemopreventive for any cancer.
RNA was extracted from tumor material derived from ER+/HER2- patients receiving adjuvant endocrine treatment for low-risk cancers and was semi-quantified by RT-qPCR with the MammaTyper®.
This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the Oncotype DX recurrence score (RS) in T<sub>1-2</sub>N<sub>1</sub>M<sub>0</sub> estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer based on the prognostic stage in the updated American Joint Commission on Cancer, 8th edition.
The cancer and metastatic lung nodules are estrogen dependent and retain estrogen receptor α (ERα) reactivity, but have decreased levels of progesterone receptor (PR) protein.
The study elucidates the effect of ɑ-linolenic acid (ALA) on mitochondrial stress, hypoxic cancer microenvironment, and intervention of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway using N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) induced estrogen receptor (ER+) mammary gland carcinoma and Caenorhabditis elegans model, respectively.
Our data reveal a non-canonical function of YAP1 and TEAD4 as ERα cofactors in regulating cancer growth, highlighting the potential of YAP/TEAD as possible actionable drug targets for ERα<sup>+</sup> breast cancer.
To investigate autophagy regulation in YAP signaling in the context of cancer metastasis, we performed profiling analysis of YAP signaling, YAP subcellular localization, autophagosome formation and cell invasiveness in TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and Hs 578T) versus estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer cell line MCF7.
In this review, we provide an overview of NR-based drug discovery in cancer and related resistance mechanisms, focusing on novel strategies for targeting well-established NR targets, including ERα, the AR, the glucocorticoid receptor, and the progesterone receptor, as well as opportunities to target other NRs that are attracting interest in immuno-oncology, such as liver X receptors, retinoic acid-related orphan receptors, and farnesoid X receptors.
While the prevalence of ESR1 mutations in gynecologic malignancies is low, there are significant clinical implications useful in guiding therapeutic approaches for these cancers.
Breast cancers that have no expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are defined as triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs); luminal cancers have different expressions of ER, PR and/or HER2.
In vitro studies revealed the potential of the total sub-classes of the synthesized analogs to show anti-proliferative activity against estrogen receptor-dependent cancer cell lines at IC<sub>50</sub> ranging from 28.23 to 57.13 μM.
After adjusting for age, year at BC diagnosis, stage, positive nodes, and hormone therapy, patients with BC who became pregnant after their cancer diagnosis had lower total mortality than did the comparison group (HR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.23-0.84), including that of estrogen receptor-positive patients (HR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.07-0.77).