Subsequent comparison between 20 carcinomas using AFM220xe5, with and without LOH in terms of pathological parameters showed significant associations with differences in age (P = 0.04) ER (P = 0.05) Ki-67 (P = 0.04) and PR (P = 0.01) a trend toward significance was found for tumor size (P = 0.06) and histological grade III (P = 0.06).
High MYC amplification was seen in grade III carcinomas (MYC: CEP8 = 2.42), pre-menopausal women (MYC: CEP8 = 2.49), PR-negative status (MYC: CEP8 = 2.42), and ER-positive status (MYC: CEP8 = 2.4).
We examined the methylation statuses of 6 tumor-related genes, CDX2 (homeobox transcription factor), BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2), p16 (INK4A), CACNA2D3 (calcium channel-related), GATA-5 (transcription factor) and ER (estrogen receptor), in 106 primary gastric carcinomas by methylation-specific PCR and compared them with the past lifestyles of the patients.
A common characteristic of mammary carcinomas is an inverse relationship between the estrogen receptor (ER) status and the proliferative activity of the tumor.
The histological grade and the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) significantly influenced the prognosis of these NE carcinomas, either pure or NE-apocrine differentiated.
Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the expression of KAI1 is maintained during progression to metastasis in a large proportion of ER-negative mammary carcinomas.
These results indicate that Akt3 may contribute to the more aggressive clinical phenotype of the estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers and androgen-insensitive prostate carcinomas.
NY-BR-1 expression was more frequent in estrogen receptor-positive and lymph node-negative primary carcinomas (P < 0.05 each) and was more common in grade 1 (77%) than in grade 2 (63%) or grade 3 (50%) carcinomas (P < 0.05).
The expression of mRNAs for epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha(TGF alpha), EGFR, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A and B chain, PDGF receptor (PDGFR), transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), erbB-2 and estrogen receptor (ER) genes was first examined in 6 human esophageal carcinoma cell lines, 6 xenoplanted and 15 surgically resected esophageal carcinomas.
Carcinomas without overt cytoplasmic mucin (endometrioid, usual-type endocervical, clear cell, and mesonephric carcinomas) can be subclassified using HR-HPV ISH, ER, and GATA3, whereas carcinomas with easily appreciated cytoplasmic mucin (endometrioid carcinoma with mucinous features, HPVA mucinous, and gastric-type carcinomas) can be subclassified with HR-HPV ISH and ER.
ERBB2 gene expression was associated with the MFI only in estrogen receptor-positive carcinomas, whereas ERBB2 protein expression (P = 0.032) was associated with MFI in the entire cohort.
All of the Sox10<sup>+</sup> tumors were ER<sup>-</sup>, such that 71% of ER<sup>-</sup> carcinomas were Sox10<sup>+</sup> in comparison to 0% of ER<sup>+</sup> carcinomas (P=0.049).
The expression of ER alpha in carcinomas was associated with tumor grade, extent of nuclear pleomorphism and cellular proliferation as measured by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and phospho-Rb immunostaining (Spearman analysis, P < 0.05).
The present study suggests that rs2077647 polymorphism may be a risk factor for prostate cancer especially in patients diagnosed before the age of 60, while rs3798577 polymorphism could probably serve rather as promoting factor in combination with other polymorphisms in estrogen receptor alpha contributing preferably to development of high-grade carcinomas.
The expression of ER-beta was examined immunohistochemically in 48 apocrine carcinomas and compared with clinicopathological factors and ER-alpha, PR and AR status.
High level expression is seen in half of serous carcinomas and a subset of serous carcinomas and carcinosarcomas show some degree of AR staining in the absence of ER, suggesting a possible role for androgen inhibition in treatment of these cases.