Our findings suggest that PPARgamma plays a role as a physiological regulator of colonic epithelial cell turnover and consequently predisposition to the development of colon cancer in early stage.
Hydrogen peroxide increases vascular endothelial growth factor expression in colon cancer cells, and it is likely that reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide facilitates the development of colon cancer.
We have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of miR-15a in colon cancer. miR-15a inhibits several important genes (<i>BCL2, BMI1, YAP1</i> and <i>DCLK1</i>), decreasing cancer progression and resistance.
High lutein intake [odds ratio (OR), 0.63; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.44-0.89], low refined grain intake (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.53-0.94), or a high prudent diet score (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49-0.89) and PA/AA PPARgamma genotype were associated with reduced colon cancer risk.
We observed a marked synergism between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) down-regulation in colon cancer.
In addition, FPLD3-associated PPARγ mutations consistently cause intra- and/or intermolecular defects; colon cancer-associated PPARγ mutations on the other hand may play a role in colon cancer onset and progression, but this is not due to their effects on the most well-studied functional characteristics of PPARγ.
Our previous studies demonstrated that mutant KRAS alleles can interact with hypoxia to induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in colon cancer.
Insulin-like growth factors and their principal receptor, IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), are frequently expressed in human colon cancers and play a role in preventing apoptosis, enhancing cell proliferation, and inducing expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
The secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was inhibited by single PTX treatment of colon cancer and in continuous treatment of glioblastoma cell lines.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, is involved in suppression of growth of several types of tumors such as liposarcoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colon cancer, possibly through induction of cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis.
In particular, the PC-loaded EFM exerted its anti-cancer activity by blocking the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and inducing cell apoptosis involving the decrease of Bcl-2/Bax, activation of caspase 3 and release of cytochrome c. This study suggests that co-axial electrospinning is an efficient and effective way to deliver PC and improve its bioavailability; thus, it represents a promising approach for encapsulating functional ingredients for colon cancer prevention.
Collectively, our results indicate that SARI is a potential target for therapy by inhibiting angiogenesis through the reduction of VEGF expression and is a prognostic indicator for patients with colon cancer.