Multivariate analysis in patients who received adjuvant CRT for 1-3 ECEs (i.e., those with a favorable expected prognosis) identified the following adverse prognostic factors: 1) margin of < 5 mm for locoregional failure (66% versus 30%, P = 0.007) and DSS (42% versus 63%, P = 0.039); 2) HRAS mutation for distant failure (55% versus 25%, P = 0.007) and DSS (36% versus 63%, P = 0.024); and 3) TP53 DNA-binding domain missense mutations for DSS (52% versus 71%, P = 0.025) and overall survival (39% versus 61%, P = 0.007).We conclude that genetic information from NGS may improve the prognostic stratification offered by traditional prognosticators in resected OSCC patients with ECE.
In addition, within the BRAF inhibitor-associated group, the lesions designated as KAs and BRAF inhibitor-associated verrucous keratoses had a similar mutational profile (mutations in PIK3CA, APC, and HRAS), which was distinct to that seen in squamous cell carcinomas (FGFR3, CDKN2A, and STK11).
HA-RAS mutations are rare in human SCC, but HA-RAS-mutated tumors appear in melanoma patients treated with B-raf inhibitors, indicating that initiated, HA-RAS-mutated stem cells also reside in human skin.
Exome sequencing (n=50) and recurrence testing (n=60) reveals that some significantly and frequently altered genes are specific to OSCC-GB (USP9X, MLL4, ARID2, UNC13C and TRPM3), while some others are shared with HNSCC (for example, TP53, FAT1, CASP8, HRAS and NOTCH1).
We analysed the presence of EGFR and concomitant HRAS mutations in a German cohort of 31 patients with cutaneous SCC by direct sequencing of EGFR and SNaPshot analysis of concomitant RAS mutations.
Protein kinase C (PKC)-delta is proapoptotic in human keratinocytes, and is downregulated or inactivated in keratinocytes expressing the activated Ha-ras oncogene, making it a candidate tumor suppressor gene for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
In the present studies, we investigated the correlation between RASSF1A promoter methylation status and Kras2 mutations in 65 primary non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) including 33 adenocarcinomas, 12 large cell carcinomas, and 20 squamous cell carcinomas.
Squamous cell carcinomas in psoralen-plus-ultraviolet A (PUVA) treated patients frequently exhibit p53 tumor suppressor genes and Ha-ras protooncogenes that are mutated at dipyrimidine sites and carry the ultraviolet fingerprint (i.e., C-to-T or CC-to-TT transitions).
The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of Ha-ras oncogene mutations in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade III and invasive squamous cell carcinomas and to examine this genetic factor in relation to HPV infection and the clinical evolution of cervical lesions.
The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of Ha-ras oncogene mutations in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade III and invasive squamous cell carcinomas and to examine this genetic factor in relation to HPV infection and the clinical evolution of cervical lesions.
Point mutations in codon 61 of the human Ha-ras gene were detected in the SCC, five of six analyzed actinic keratoses and in non-lesional epidermis of DMBA- and UVB-treated grafts, indicating that DMBA as well as UVB alone can induce these mutations in human skin.
We have utilized an in vitro correlate of squamous cell carcinogenesis, in which progression stages from normal squamous epithelium to dysplastic lesions and to SCC are represented by primary cultures of normal keratinocytes, by human papilloma virus-immortalized keratinocytes (UP) and by HPVimmortalized/v-Ha-ras transfected tumorigenic keratinocytes (UPR).
Characteristic codon 61 mutations in the Ha-ras gene were found in most of the papillomas and SCCs induced by DMBA and TPA in transgenic as well as nontransgenic mice.
Our previous reports have shown that two thirds of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced murine oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) have Hras1 mutations.
Topographic genotyping with subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis of K-ras-2 showed mutations in significantly fewer cases of PC (9%, 2 of 22 cases) than in AdC (36%, 35 of 97 cases) or SqC (0%, 0 of 42 cases) (P < .001).
Mutated ras genes have been found to be conspicuously absent from primary tumors of the esophagus, although high expression of ras p21 oncoprotein in some esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and mutations of the Ki- and Ha-ras genes in esophageal carcinoma cell lines have been reported.