Smaller hippocampi were associated with an increased risk of decline in memory, and APOE ε4 was a risk factor in those without a subsequent stroke/TIA.
Enriched environment reduces apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in reactive astrocytes and attenuates inflammation of the peri-infarct tissue after experimental stroke.
ApoE alleles do not exert a major influence on the development of microbleeds, but apoE epsilon2 may be associated with development of moderate to severe white matter disease in transient ischemic attack and stroke patients.
To investigate whether the APOE*4 allele modified the relationship between cerebrovascular events and Alzheimer's disease (AD), we collected evidence of previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and determined APOE genotype among 102 subjects with AD and 375 nondemented subjects in a community-based study of dementia.
In 182 patients of the Plaque-At-RISK study (prospective multicenter cohort study) with a recent transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ischemic stroke and a symptomatic mild-to-moderate carotid artery stenosis, we measured VWF antigen (VWF:Ag), ADAMTS13 activity, fibrinogen (Clauss), and fibrinogen γ'.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists for preventing recurrent stroke and other vascular events in people with stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
Nine of the proteins were significant univariate predictors of TIA [odds ratio (95% confidence interval)]: L-selectin [0.726 (0.596-0.883)]; Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 [0.727 (0.594-0.889)]; Coagulation factor X [0.740 (0.603-0.908)]; Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3 [0.763 (0.630-0.924)]; Thrombospondin-1 [1.313 (1.081-1.595)]; Hyaluronan-binding protein 2 [0.776 (0.637-0.945)]; Heparin cofactor 2 [0.775 (0.634-0.947)]; Apolipoprotein B-100 [1.249 (1.037-1.503)]; and von Willebrand factor [1.256 (1.034-1.527)].
Infarct patients, however, demonstrated significantly reduced GzmB gene expression and increased circulating MMP-9 and S100A12 levels in contrast to transient ischaemic attack (TIA) patients or healthy controls.
The angle of sliding off in the tilting plane test, the mean intensity of the brain edema area of T2-weighted images, levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA, and apoptosis-related proteins, BAX, and phosphorylated-p38, were lower in the ipsilateral TIA group compared with the contralateral TIA group.
Following permanent MCAO, the Garcia score, the brain edema area of T2-weighted images, brain infarction volume, and the level of tumor necrosis factor α mRNA of the ipsilateral and contralateral TIA groups showed no significant difference.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists for preventing recurrent stroke and other vascular events in people with stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorsgamma (PPARgamma) differently modulate the interleukin-6 expression in the peri-infarct cortical tissue in the acute and delayed phases of cerebral ischaemia.
In the multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders, the independent predictors of stroke or TIA were CLT > 115 minutes (hazard ratio [HR] 7.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.78-21.17; P < 0.0001), PAI-1 (HR 1.16, 95% 1.05-1.28; P = 0.003), and CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc score ≥3 (HR 5.18, 95% 1.76-15.29; P = 0.003).