Genetic polymorphisms of transforming growth factor-beta1 and its receptors and colorectal cancer susceptibility: a population-based case-control study in China.
When compared to normal mucosa, primary colorectal tumors showed a marked increase in the levels of cytoplasmic vimentin and nuclear beta-catenin, phospho-SMAD2 and HES1.
K-ras mutations occurred more frequently in MSS/MSI-L carcinomas (26%) than in MSI-H colorectal tumors (10%), the latter showing a high frequency of TGFbeta type II frameshift mutations (82%).
Genetic mutation or loss of activin/transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) receptor function has been shown in human lymphoid, breast, and colorectal tumors as well as Hep2B and Mv1Lu cell lines.