In the course of investigating familial coronary artery disease in Utah, we identified a three-generation family in which multiple members were affected with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP IIa), type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP IIb), or type IV hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP IV).
The phenotypic diversity of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and lipoprotein(a) hyperlipidemia (Lp(a)-HLP), as defined risks for coronary artery disease with genetic background, and their frequent co-incidence with additional cardiovascular risk factors require a critical revisiting of the current diagnostic and screening criteria as well as therapeutic recommendations established for FH or isolated Lp(a)-HLP, since there is no clear guidance for patient stratification and disease management for combined cases.