Effect of statin therapy on plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels is modified by paraoxonase 1 in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease.
Effects of cytochrome P450 2C19 and paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms on antiplatelet response to clopidogrel therapy in patients with coronary artery disease.
Finally, we suggest directions for the future that might elucidate the role of the PON genetic polymorphisms in this potentially important function of PON(s) and the role in coronary heart disease and other related diseases.
Further stratification of the PON2*S association, on the basis of the presence or absence of the PON1*B allele, showed that the CHD risk associated with the PON2*S allele was confined to PON1*B-allele carriers.
Future studies should investigate the interaction between additional polymorphisms within the PON1 gene and genetic variants in other folate metabolizing genes with folate intake on the risk of incident CHD and stroke.
Genotype frequencies did not differ between cases and controls but the CHD risk associated with smoking was significantly modified by PON1L55M genotype.
HDL-associated paraoxonase (PON1) reduces oxidation of lipids in LDL, and activity is inversely related to coronary heart disease risk with a beneficial effect on the development of atherosclerosis.
Heavy drinking was associated with an increased risk for CHD in black men with the PON1 QQ and CETP GG genotypes (PON1 hazard rate ratio [HRR]=17.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.76-170.2; CETP HRR=2.23, 95% CI: 1.01-4.91).
In conclusion, Pon1 status and HDL levels are independently associated with DM in patients on hemodialysis and may contribute to the increased risk of CHD in diabetic nephropathy.
In contrast to previous suggestions, this meta-analysis shows no significant association of CHD with the L55M or T(-107)C polymorphism in PON1 or with the S311C polymorphism in PON2.
In multivariate analysis, PON1 paraoxonase activity was independently of confounding factors associated with diabetes (OR = 0.985; <i>p =</i> 0.024) and premature CHD in family history (OR = 0.983; <i>p =</i> 0.027).
In recent case-control studies serum PON1 concentration and activity were also found to be decreased in coronary heart disease (CHD) independent of the PON1 polymorphism, and in diabetes serum PON1 specific activity decrease is also independent of the PON1 genetic polymorphism.
In the light of recent findings, we believe that genetic epidemiological studies of the paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms in relation to coronary heart disease should no longer be undertaken unless they are very large and prospective in nature.
In this investigation, we have evaluated the role of another common polymorphism in the PON1 gene at codon 55 with the risk of CHD in a biracial sample of Asian Indians and Chinese.
It is a very important observation, however, because genetic influences are not likely to be confounded by other factors linked with both coronary heart disease and diminished paraoxonase 1 activity.
It is a very important observation, however, because genetic influences are not likely to be confounded by other factors linked with both coronary heart disease and diminished paraoxonase 1 activity.
Larger, better designed, preferably prospective studies are needed to determine further the association of PON1 genetic polymorphisms and status with CHD.
Low PON1 enzyme activity or specific allelic polymorphisms seem to be associated with the risk of developing coronary artery disease or acute ischemic stroke (AIS).