Testicular developmental impairment caused by flutamide-induced and DEHP-induced cryptorchid rat models is mediated by excessive apoptosis and deficient autophagy.
In testes, while apoptosis-related caspase 3 and Bcl-xL mRNAs were significantly changed after 14 days, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNA was greatly reduced immediately after cryptorchidism.