GLP-1 therapy is effective concerning weight loss in overweight patients and is more often used in females and patients with shorter diabetes duration.
These studies highlight the clear, and persistent, metabolic advantages of sustained activation of GLP-1 receptors, alongside concurrent activation of related GIP and xenin cell signalling pathways, in diabetes.
New drugs, such as SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists and PCKSK9 inhibitors might evolve as key players in the management of diabetes and its complications within the next years.
Fasting GLP-1 was measured on hospital day 2-4 in patients without previously known diabetes (n = 59) that received recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) for ischemic stroke.
GLP-1, a peptide hormone secreted from the gut stimulating insulin and suppressing glucagon secretion was identified as a parent compound for novel treatments of diabetes, but was degraded (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) eliminated (mainly kidneys) too fast (half-life 1-2 min) to be useful as a therapeutic agent.
Although GLP-1 and GIP both enhance insulin secretion and subsequently ameliorate postprandial glucose excursion, most research has focused on GLP-1R as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
Data on weight, insulin, GLP-1 RA and SGLT-2i use were collected retrospectively (12 years) and prospectively (8 years) from patients included in the DIAbetes and LifEstyle Cohort Twente-1 (DIALECT-1, n = 450, age 63 ± 9 years, 58% men, diabetes duration [7-18] years).
Liraglutide, a GLP-1 agonist for the treatment of diabetes, is a conjugated peptide that forms oligomers that can be stabilized by pH and organic solvents.
Gastrin secretion in normal subjects and diabetes patients is inhibited by glucagon-like peptide 1: a role in the gastric side effects of GLP-1-derived drugs?
The current review of literature along with clinical case discussion provides evidence supporting GLP-1 RAs as diabetes medications for polypharmacy reduction in older diabetes patients because of their multiple pleiotropic effects on comorbidities (e.g. hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and fatty liver) and syndromes (e.g. osteoporosis and sleep apnea) that commonly co-occur with diabetes.
Being a relatively newer class of drug with numerous benefits, several national and international guidelines are working towards addressing clinical questions pertaining to the optimal use of GLP-1 RAs for the management of diabetes.
The potential antidiabetic mechanism of PPe-H might be related to stimulating the secretion of endogenous GLP-1, decreasing oxidative damages, and then slowing down the process of diabetes.
Diabetes increases the severity of impairment in PD, and GLP-1 improve it through its direct neuronal effect in addition to its indirect effect through producing hypoglycemia.
DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors (or "gliptins") represent a class of oral anti-hyperglycemic agents that inhibit the enzyme DPP-4, thus augmenting the biological activity of the "incretin" hormones (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP]) and restoring many of the pathophysiological problems of diabetes.
Twenty patients of active acromegaly (10 each, with and without diabetes) underwent hyperinsulinemic euglycaemic clamp and mixed meal test, before and after surgery, to measure indices of IS, β-cell function, GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon response.
The Glp-1 analog, liraglutide (Lir), has been shown to reduce infarct size and improve cardiac function after myocardial ischemia in rodents with or without diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important risk factor of AD; and mimetics of the incretin hormone GLP-1 developed to treat diabetes are being tested as a novel therapeutic strategy for AD.