Gene Score gda Association Type Type Original DB Sentence supporting the association PMID PMID Year
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 GeneticVariation disease BEFREE INS mutations have a broad spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from severe neonatal onset to mild adult onset, which suggests that the products of different mutant INS alleles behave differently and utilize distinct mechanisms to induce diabetes. 29890547 2020
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE Together, the results demonstrate that the INS-PLLA PMs have a strong potential as an effective strategy for inhalation treatment of diabetes. 30284409 2019
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE In genetically obese mice with otherwise wild-type islets, disulfide-linked complexes of proinsulin are more abundant, and leptin receptor-deficient mice, the further increase of such complexes tracks with the onset of islet insulin deficiency and diabetes. 31184302 2019
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 GeneticVariation disease BEFREE It was hypothesized that the INS gene region provides a common genetic causality for diabetes in Samoyeds and Australian Terriers. 31587057 2019
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE Elevated plasma proinsulin is a sign of β-cell dysfunction in patients with diabetes/prediabetes. 31074785 2019
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE Proinsulin processing is quite sensitive to nutrient flux, and β-cell-specific deletion of the nutrient-sensing protein modifier OGlcNAc transferase (βOGTKO) causes β-cell failure and diabetes, including early development of hyperproinsulinemia. 31300553 2019
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 GeneticVariation disease BEFREE Importantly, when replacing IAA with oxPTM-INS-Ab, diabetes risk increased to 100% in children with oxPTM-INS-Ab<sup>+</sup> in combination with GADA<sup>+</sup> and IA-2A<sup>+</sup> , compared with 84.37% in those with IAA<sup>+</sup> , GADA<sup>+</sup> , and IA-2A<sup>+</sup> (P = 0.04). 30693639 2019
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE C-peptide and proinsulin were measured in fasting and stimulated sera from 319 subjects with long-standing type 1 diabetes (≥3 years) and 12 control subjects without diabetes. 30530850 2019
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 GeneticVariation disease BEFREE This case could help us understand the role of the INS mutation in the development of diabetes. 30915639 2019
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE ERAD deficiency may contribute to the development of diabetes by affecting proinsulin processing in the ER, intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration, and mitochondrial function. 30626610 2019
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE Given the fact that proinsulin misfolding plays an important role in diabetes, this study suggests that enhancing ER export may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent/delay β-cell failure caused by proinsulin misfolding and ER stress. 31158417 2019
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE The combination of Tregitope-albumin fusions and PPI peptides reduced the incidence of severe diabetes and reversed mild diabetes, over 49 days of treatment and observation. 31695065 2019
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE Furthermore, it reveals that even subtle changes in proinsulin protect NOD mice from diabetes. 31821343 2019
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE Male Wistar rats were treated with or without streptozotocin (STZ, an insulinopenic model of diabetes) and either α-lipoic (90 mg/kg ip.), α-tocopherol (200 mg/kg po.) or with STZ and supplemented with insulin (STZ + INS: 2.5U/day) for 4 weeks. 30242601 2019
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE Regulated proinsulin biosynthesis, disulfide bond formation and ER redox homeostasis are essential to prevent Type two diabetes. 31184304 2019
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE We show that CE prevent insulin-deficient diabetes in male and in female Akita mice using a model of misfolded proinsulin. 29972779 2018
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE Misfolded proinsulin in the endoplasmic reticulum during development of beta cell failure in diabetes. 29377149 2018
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE Herein, we critically review the literature on the effects of proinsulin misfolding and ER stress on β-cell dysfunction and loss in diabetes with emphasis on β-cell dynamics, and discuss the gaps in understanding the role of proinsulin misfolding in the pathophysiology of diabetes. 30230182 2018
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE We previously reported the development of an oral vaccine for diabetes based on live attenuated Salmonella-expressing preproinsulin (PPI) as the autoantigen. 30416020 2018
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE They allow the characterization of preproinsulin epitopes recognized by CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells upon immunization against human preproinsulin or during diabetes development. 29967002 2018
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE Proinsulin misfolding is a phenotype that is very much linked to deficient insulin production and diabetes, as is seen in a variety of contexts: rodent models bearing proinsulin-misfolding mutants, human patients with Mutant INS-gene-induced Diabetes of Youth (MIDY), animal models and human patients bearing mutations in critical ER resident proteins, and, quite possibly, in more common variety type 2 diabetes. 30230185 2018
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE We have previously shown that the introduction of furin-cleavable human insulin (INS-FUR) to the livers in several animal models of diabetes resulted in the reversal of diabetes and partial pancreatic transdifferentiation of liver cells. 29578255 2018
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE Insulin-secreting INS-1E cells are a useful tool in diabetes research. 24399617 2017
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and impaired proinsulin conversion as newly identified predictors of the long-term non-response to a lifestyle intervention for diabetes prevention: results from the TULIP study. 28840257 2017
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
0.100 Biomarker disease BEFREE Elevated proinsulin to C-peptide ratios in the plasma of persons with diabetes suggest defects in β-cell prohormone processing. 28368485 2017