Long-term use of rosiglitazone, a synthetic PPARγ agonist and a drug to treat insulin resistance, increases fracture rates among patients with diabetes.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases involving diabetes, stroke, cancer, or obesity.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha activation of CYP7A1 during food restriction and diabetes is still inhibited by small heterodimer partner.
Increased body mass index but not common vitamin D receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, or cytokine polymorphisms confers predisposition to posttransplant diabetes.
The C1431T polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) has been shown to be associated with diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.
We also show that natural mutations in human PPARgamma, associated with severe insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, exhibit perturbations in the dynamic behavior of helix 12.
Yet unidentified variants within the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) 2 promoter may explain the inconsistent reports on associations between variants in the coding region and obesity or diabetes.
The molecular mechanisms by which muraglitazar (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/α agonist) improves insulin sensitivity in Type 2 diabetes mellitus are not fully understood.
Obesity rats induced by 8-week high fat diet (HFD) were randomly divided into obesity group (OB) and exercised obesity group (EOB) with 8 rats each group, and 40 diabetes rats established by 8-week HFD plus low dose of streptozotocin were randomly divided into 4 groups: diabetes group (DM), exercised diabetes group (EDM), exercised diabetes plus PPARγ agonist pioglitazone group (EDP), and exercised diabetes plus PPARγ antagonist GW9662 group (EDG).
Hence, the results conclude inhibition of PPARγ by the bioactive compounds from Faba bean, which may provide insights into developing future therapeutic molecules for diabetes mellitus.
In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study, 24 subjects with type 2 diabetes and one subject with partial lipodystrophy and diabetes due to dominant-negative mutation in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) gene (P467L) received placebo and rosiglitazone for 3 months.
Furthermore, women carrying the C allele of rs6902123 of PPARD and the Pro12Pro genotype of the PPAR-gamma2 gene (PPARG2) had a 3.9-fold (95% CI 1.79-8.63; P = 0.001)-higher risk for diabetes than women with protective genotypes.
Recently, two genes, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and ectonucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase (ENPP1), have been localized and associated with diabetes and obesity.
Several Chinese herbs, indeed, elicit potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma receptor agonistic, platelet-activating factor antagonistic, aldose reductase inhibitory and various other beneficial pharmacological activities, required to counteract the pathological conditions prevalent in retina during diabetes.
The transcriptional regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) coordinates the exercise-stimulated skeletal muscle fiber-type switch from glycolytic fast-twitch (type IIb) to oxidative slow-twitch (type I) and intermediate (type IIa) fibers, an effect reversed in insulin resistance and diabetes.
The present article discusses the significance of G. sylvestre in diabetes management, the herbal-formulations from the herb together with its standardization and clinical trials on animal models, and why Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ) may serve as a prospective molecular target for Gymnemic acid analogs.