The PON1 Q/R polymorphism was found to have significant association with hypertension (p=0.046) and chronic constipation (p=0.028) whereas, the L/M polymorphism, with diabetes (p=0.036), arteritis (trend p=0.022) and hemorrhoids (trend p=0.027).
The PON1 Q/R polymorphism was found to have significant association with hypertension (p=0.046) and chronic constipation (p=0.028) whereas, the L/M polymorphism, with diabetes (p=0.036), arteritis (trend p=0.022) and hemorrhoids (trend p=0.027).
In biopsy specimens, immunohistochemical analysis found increased PON1 expression on the endothelial surface of sclerotic renal arterioles and glomerular capillaries in patients with hypertension or diabetes.
The association of PON1 polymorphisms, lower PON1 activity and poorer diabetes control found in patients with macroangiopathy further support the idea of genetic factors contributing to the development of vascular disorders in diabetes.
The association of PON1 polymorphisms, lower PON1 activity and poorer diabetes control found in patients with macroangiopathy further support the idea of genetic factors contributing to the development of vascular disorders in diabetes.
We have compared the ability of HDL from people with type 2 diabetes (n = 36) with no coronary heart disease (CHD) to metabolize oxidized palmitoyl arachidonyl phosphatidylcholine (ox-PAPC), a major product of LDL oxidation and a PON1 substrate, with that of HDL isolated from healthy control subjects (n = 19) and people with CHD but no diabetes (n = 37).
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a more potent antioxidant and stimulant of macrophage cholesterol efflux, when present in HDL than in lipoprotein-deficient serum: relevance to diabetes.
Genotyping of 156 Caucasian adolescents with diabetes for seven PON 1 polymorphisms was performed, including that of a novel PON 1 promoter polymorphism A(-1074)G. PON genotypes were related to paraoxonase and arylesterase activities and diabetes complication status.
Our data suggest that PON1Q192R polymorphism was not independently associated with MI but further increased the risk of MI among the subjects with DM, obesity, or both, the conditions associated with high oxidative stress.
We noticed smaller PON activity decrease in our newly diagnosed diabetic subjects compared to the previous studies which investigated the alteration of enzyme activity after a longer duration of diabetes mellitus.
The data suggest that 1) PON1 activity loss is an event occurring later in the course of diabetes mellitus; and 2) PON1 does not affect oxidation of circulating LDL, at least in early diabetes mellitus.
There were no differences in either the PON1 polymorphisms, PON1 activity and concentration in people with type 1 diabetes in the presence or absence of micro and macro vascular complications of diabetes.
The observed interaction with type 2 diabetes, however, is supporting the hypothesis that the effect of the PON1 192 Arg allele on atherosclerosis is modulated by other risk factors like diabetes.
Our findings thus raise the possibility that PON1 may be of importance in both the genetic and acquired predisposition to premature atherosclerosis and neuropathy in diabetes.
In recent case-control studies serum PON1 concentration and activity were also found to be decreased in coronary heart disease (CHD) independent of the PON1 polymorphism, and in diabetes serum PON1 specific activity decrease is also independent of the PON1 genetic polymorphism.