UK prospective diabetes study (UKPDS) 14: association of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism with myocardial infarction in NIDDM.
Insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene associated with macroangiopathy and blood pressure in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
These data indicate that ACE gene polymorphism is associated with MI, but not with retinopathy or nephropathy, in patients with NIDDM and suggest that the ACE gene confers susceptibility to diabetic macroangiopathy but not to microangiopathy.
Consequently, we determined the ACE genotype in 181 subjects, 124 with normal glucose tolerance and 57 with noninsulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and compared various aspects of glucose, insulin, and lipoprotein metabolism in the three ACE genotypes.
We examined the association between diabetic retinopathy and ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism in 363 subjects with NIDDM (aged 68.3 +/- 10.7 years; 201 male, 162 female), 186 subjects with IDDM (aged 42.4 +/- 15.0 years; 100 male, 86 female) and 98 controls.
The association of ACE gene polymorphism with nephropathy and retinopathy was therefore examined in 362 Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 105 healthy control subjects.
To investigate predictive genetic markers for diabetic nephropathy, we studied the genetic polymorphisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensinogen (AGN) in Japanese subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with and without nephropathy.
These results did not support the hypothesis that the genotype of the ACE gene would be a clinically useful genetic marker for predicting the development of nephropathy in Japanese NIDDM patients.
ACE and AGT genes did not display any difference in clinical or metabolic parameters according to each gene's genotype for either the control or the NIDDM group.
The prevalence of the I allele of the ACE gene was not significantly increased in subjects with hypertension (73.1%), NIDDM (62.1%), and NIDDM with CHD (65%) compared with healthy controls.
Thus, the ACE DD genotype in 509 non-Hispanic white NIDDM patients in a metropolitan area in the U.S. was independently associated with the presence of diabetic nephropathy and, therefore, may be potentially used as a marker for NIDDM patients at risk for developing diabetic nephropathy.
Using multivariate logistic regression analyses, we investigated the independent or synergistic effects of the ACE I/D and PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphisms on the development of diabetic nephropathy and macroangiopathy in 208 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) over a 15 year period.
We therefore studied the relationship between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and CHD in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) evaluated for 9 years.
We analysed the ACE genotype in 84 unrelated NIDDM patients with a known disease duration of less than 1 year and in 115 age- and sex-matched controls.
The data do not support a role of ACE (DD/II) or Atg M235T polymorphism in the development of diabetic nephropathy in Chinese patients with type II diabetes, and no synergistic effect was found between them.