This study shows that in patients with T2D on insulin therapy, increased urinary ACR is independently associated with an increased risk of major adverse CV events and all-cause mortality.
Se showed no significant association with FBG and ACR while mid-upper tertile of Pb was significantly associated with ACR of T2DM with the proteinuria group (P < 0.01).
After excluding variants at the CUBN locus, known to alter ACR via effects on renal absorption, an ACR genetic risk score was associated with a higher risk of hypertension, and less strongly, type 2 diabetes and stroke.
These latter two variants are associated with T2D (risk haplotype GG; odds ratio 2.67; 95% CI 2.32-3.08; P = 2.43 × 10<sup>-4</sup>) in genome-wide association data (N = 402), but are more strongly associated with quantitative traits (DBP, SBP, ACR, eGFR) for hypertension and renal function in non-diabetic than diabetic subgroups.