TGF-β1 increases mitochondrial ROS production in patients with Dupuytren's contracture potentially in consequence of Vitamin D deficiency, leading to myofibroblast differentiation.
Fibroblasts derived from areas of Dupuytren's contracture cord (DC), from adjacent and phenotypically normal palmar fascia (PF), and from palmar fascia from patients undergoing carpal tunnel release (CTR; CT) were treated with TGF-β1 (2 ng/ml) and/or forskolin (10 μM) (a known stimulator of cAMP).