Correlation between dopamine receptor D2 expression and presence of abnormal involuntary movements in Wistar rats with hemiparkinsonism and dyskinesia.
From 37 candidate studies on levodopa toxicity, 18 genes were found associated, of which, CA<sub>n</sub> STR 13, 14 (DRD2) was most significantly associated with dyskinesia, followed by rs1801133 (MTHFR) with hyper-homocysteinemia, and rs474559 (HOMER1) with hallucination.
Since genetic factors could play a role in determining the occurrence of these problems, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether possible functional polymorphisms among DRD2 and ANKK1 genes are associated with the risk of developing dyskinesia and motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease patients.
The pathogenesis of dyskinesia may result from divergent changes in dopamine D1 receptors (DRD1) and dopamine D2 receptors (DRD2) in the brain while aging.
Certain alleles of the short tandem repeat polymorphism of the dopamine receptor D2 gene reduce the risk of developing peak-dose dyskinesias and could contribute to varying susceptibility to develop peak-dose dyskinesias during levodopa therapy.
Therefore, our findings demonstrate that ALDH1A1-synthesized RA is required for postsynaptic MOR1 expression in the postnatal and adult dorsal striatum, supporting potential therapeutic benefits of RA supplementation in moderating L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia.
Carrying the G-allele of the A118G single nucleotide coding region polymorphism of the mu opioid receptor, as well as a history of never smoking, were independently associated with increased risk of earlier onset of dyskinesia (P=0.05 and 0.02, respectively).
Carrying the G-allele of the A118G single nucleotide coding region polymorphism of the mu opioid receptor, as well as a history of never smoking, were independently associated with increased risk of earlier onset of dyskinesia (P=0.05 and 0.02, respectively).
These studies demonstrate that, in D1R-expressing MSNs, l-DOPA-induced activation of ERK and mTORC1 requires DARPP-32 and indicates the importance of the cAMP/DARPP-32 signaling cascade in dyskinesia.
To investigate the association between orofaciolingual (TDof) and limb-truncal dyskinesias (TDlt) and Ser9Gly (DRD3), -1438G>A (HTR2A), and Cys23Ser (HTR2C) polymorphisms in Russian psychiatric inpatients from Tomsk, Siberia.