The mechanisms may include the following pathways: [TGFB1 or TNFA]-[IL1B]-[pre-eclampsia]; [TNFA or INS]-[NOS3]-[pre-eclampsia]; [INS]-[HSPA4 or CLU]-[pre-eclampsia]; [ACE]-[MTHFR]-[pre-eclampsia].
The presence of at least one polymorphic allele for NOS3T-786C was also associated with the occurrence of eclampsia or HELLP syndrome among preeclamptic women.
Glu298Asp polymorphism in the eNOS gene could be an individual's risk factor and may modulate progression to an eclampsia complication of preeclampsia in the Turkish population.
However, previous studies of the association between pre-eclampsia and polymorphisms of single genes encoding renin-angiotensin system components and endothelial nitric oxide synthase have yielded conflicting results.
Among these are the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene variant Met235Threo, which has been associated with pre-eclampsia and the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphism Glu298Asp, which has been associated with both pre-eclampsia and abruptio placentae, a condition that often co-exists with pre-eclampsia.
VLDL, LDL and HDL from women with pre-eclampsia did not affect endothelial cell synthesis of endothelin 1 or expression of NOS3 mRNA differently from lipoproteins from normal pregnant women.
The linkage results support the possibility that a susceptibility locus for pre-eclampsia resides in the 7q36 region, however, there is no definitive evidence to support the notion that the eNOS gene itself is responsible for susceptibility to pre-eclampsia.