Concentrations of CSF IL-6 and IL-8 at the onset of encephalitis were significantly higher in the poor prognosis group than in the good prognosis group (median CSF IL-6, 28.27 pg/mL vs 14.32 pg/mL, P = .004; median CSF IL-8, 128.70 pg/mL vs 59.43 pg/mL, P = .043).
In patients with severe HFMD, all expression levels (with the exception ofIL‑8 and IL‑4) were increased in patients with encephalitis plus pulmonary edema compared with those with encephalitis alone.
In severe HFMD, all levels (except IL-8 and IL-4) were higher in patients with encephalitis plus pulmonary edema than in those with encephalitis alone (<i>P</i> < 0.05).
CSF IL-6 (P=0.008), IL-8 (P=0.015), and IL-10 (P=0.019) concentrations were significantly higher in patients with post-transplant HHV-6 encephalitis than adult controls.
Expression of CXCL8 in the CNS has been demonstrated in neuroinflammatory diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) encephalitis, but the mechanism of secretion of this chemokine is not fully understood.