However, some substructure in the 5'NCR tree made a tentative prediction of the enterovirus type possible and was therefore helpful in PCR strategies for VP1 (e.g., primer choice), provided some background knowledge on the local spectrum of enteroviruses already exists.
In this study, extremely high expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were found in the plasma of DHF patients compared with low MCP-1 expression levels in the plasma of enterovirus 71-infected patients.
We therefore examined whether enterovirus infection of human islets leads to upregulation of interferon-gamma-inducible protein (IP-10, now known as chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 10 [CXCL10]), a chemokine important for the induction of insulitis.
No association of stroke was detected with the presence of C. pneumoniae, HCMV or enterovirus nucleic acids in the peripheral blood, C. pneumoniae IgM, IgG and IgA, the HSV IgG, the EBV IgG, or HHV-6 IgG antibody levels, the pathogen burden, the IL-8 or CD14 promoter polymorphisms, or with the serum levels of IL-8 in the overall study population.
Our findings demonstrate a significantly higher proportion of active coxsackievirus B cardiovascular infections in patients who suddenly died of MI compared with matched control subjects, suggesting that these EVs may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of acute MI by a focal disruption of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex.
Blood samples from 59 subjects with ischemic stroke and 52 control patients were investigated by nested PCR for the presence of C. pneumoniae DNA, HCMV DNA and enterovirus RNA, by ELISA for the levels of antibodies to C. pneumoniae, HCMV, HSV, HHV-6, EBV and the inflammatory chemokine IL-8, and by PCR for promoter polymorphism of the IL-8 and CD14 host genes.
Univariate analyses showed that tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter type II (-308 A allele), HLA-A33, and HLA-DR17 were significantly associated with enterovirus 71 susceptibility.
An enterovirus strain (designated D207) isolated from a Slovakian diabetic child and originally serotyped as coxsackievirus A9 (CAV-9) was found to cause rapid cytolysis coinciding with severe functional damage of the surviving cells in primary cultures of human pancreatic islets.
In order to define dominant enterovirus CTL epitopes, we have screened, by using gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) ELISPOT, 62 HLA-A*01- and 59 HLA-A*02-positive healthy blood donors for pre-existing CTL reactions against 12 HLA-A*01 and 20 HLA-A*02 predicted CTL epitopes derived from coxsackieviruses of group B.
Higher IFN-gamma and IL-2 response to enterovirus in children with HLA class II protective haplotype DR2-DQ6 could be of importance in the protection from T1D-associated enterovirus infections.
An enterovirus strain (designated D207) isolated from a Slovakian diabetic child and originally serotyped as coxsackievirus A9 (CAV-9) was found to cause rapid cytolysis coinciding with severe functional damage of the surviving cells in primary cultures of human pancreatic islets.
An enterovirus strain (designated D207) isolated from a Slovakian diabetic child and originally serotyped as coxsackievirus A9 (CAV-9) was found to cause rapid cytolysis coinciding with severe functional damage of the surviving cells in primary cultures of human pancreatic islets.
Enterovirus titres were associated with increased risk of UA (odds ratio 10.04, P<0.001) and AMI (odds ratio 3.18, P=0.003), but titres did not correlate with either MBL concentration or genotype.
Results indicate that immunohistochemistry with CD68 and CD15 may offer some help in the differential diagnosis of brain stem encephalitis caused by enterovirus 71.
We investigated (1) whether enterovirus is present at the onset of T1D in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), plasma, throat, or stool, and (2) whether enteroviral presence is linked with HLA-DR type and/or polymorphisms in melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1), factors of antiviral immunity.