We showed that reversible eIF4G(S1093) phosphorylation is involved in a global protein synthesis surge upon PKC-Raf-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation and in induction of phorbol ester-responsive transcripts, such as cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (p21<sup>Cip1</sup>), or in 5' 7-methylguanosine (m<sup>7</sup>G) cap-independent enterovirus translation.
The activation of ERK, p38 and JNK signal cascade in host cells has been demonstrated to up-regulate of enterovirus 71 (EV71)-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/ prostaglandins E2 (PGE₂) expression which is essential for viral replication.
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has been shown to induce cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells through the action of MAPKs, NF-κB, and AP-1.