Sitagliptin significantly ameliorated obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and fatty liver via regulation of adiponectin and AMPK levels in obese mice.
The LCPUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3, DHA) have a positive effect in diminishing liver steatosis, OS, and the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and pro-inflammatory cytokines, with improvement of insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels.
Hence, EBL effectively diminished hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis through enhancing adiponectin-induced signaling and AMPK activation in the liver.
We found significant associations between increasing maternal prepregnancy BMI, being born large for gestational age, offspring level of sCD163, as well as offspring metabolic risk factors (decreasing adiponectin and HDL cholesterol and increasing leptin, HOMA of insulin resistance, and HOMA of insulin secretion) and degree of fatty liver.
Conversely, the rs3865188 variant, associated with a lower OR for T2D, was also associated with lower BMI (P=0.03), HbA<sub>1c</sub> (P=0.02) and Fatty Liver Index (FLI; P≤0.01), and higher plasma adiponectin levels (P=0.002).
The present study showed that the metabolic features of non-obese Japanese type two diabetes patients with FL include impaired peripheral (mainly muscle) insulin sensitivity, fat accumulation and related metabolic disorders, such as elevated free fatty acid, low high molecular weight adiponectin and low-grade inflammation.
Among patients with a sustained virological response (SVR, <i>n</i> = 372), associations at 24 weeks post-therapy were as follows: gender and BMI with all adipokine levels; hepatic steatosis and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index with adiponectin levels; and HOMA-IR and HCV genotype with PAI-1 levels.
Orlistat significantly reversed the US grades of fatty liver (<i>P</i>=0.016), decreased serum levels of periostin (<i>P</i>=0.030) and TNF-α (<i>P</i>=0.040), and increased serum adiponectin levels (<i>P</i><0.001) when compared with hypocaloric diet only.
Among HIV-infected men, ICAM-1 was the only proinflammatory marker associated with greater odds of fatty liver (OR = 2.67, <i>P</i> = .02), whereas higher adiponectin (OR = 0.57, <i>P</i> = .003), and osteoprotegerin levels (OR = 0.48, <i>P</i> = .03) were associated with lower odds.
The aim of this study is to analyse the relationships of the amount of liver steatosis with serum iron, transferrin and ferritin as well as with proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, and adiponectin levels.
The present study provides the evidence for the interaction between TNF-α and adiponectin genes in the insulin resistance and fatty liver in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes.
In summary, the current data show that hepatoprotective effects of adiponectin include induction of BAMBI which is reduced in human fatty liver and rodent models of metabolic liver injury.
The current data indicate that in NASH hepatic inflammation and fibrosis but not hepatic steatosis induce liver MMP-9 activity, and this induction seems to be related to the anti-inflammatory activity of adiponectin rather than its effect on hepatocellular MMP-9 expression.
Lower adiponectin (HCV genotype 3, P= 0.02 and HCV genotype 1, P= 0.025) and higher TNF-alpha (P= 0.025) at baseline were identified as independent predictors of liver steatosis in CHC patients.