We suspect that VEGF and IL-6 play a key role in the physiopathology of the spectrum of renal involvement from TMA-like to MPGN observed in TAFRO syndrome.
Regarding the kidney pathology, we observed the proliferation of mesangial cells with positive staining of interleukin-6 (IL-6), consistent with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, in two cases of iMCD with TAFRO.