Heart failure (HF) is associated with many hospital admissions and relatively high mortality, rates decreasing with administration of beta-blockers (BBs), angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists.
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation may be deleterious to the cardiovascular system, and MR antagonists improve morbidity and mortality of patients with heart failure.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) improve survival in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction but are often underused, mostly due to concerns of hyperkalemia.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR) blockade is a highly effective strategy for the management of heart failure, but the use of MR antagonists (MRA) is limited by their side effects rendering them contraindicated in patients with renal failure.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Utilization in a Nationally Representative Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Outpatient Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) therapy has been shown to prevent adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with heart failure.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with heart failure (HF) and a reduced ejection fraction.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist use after hospitalization of patients with heart failure and post-discharge outcomes: a single-center retrospective cohort study.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) have been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and in a subset of patients with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF).
A systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE was performed to collect all available information on ADRs to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, β-blockers, angiotensin II receptor blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, ivabradine, and digoxin in both women and men with HF.
Addition of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists to standard therapy for heart failure, kidney disease, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes is increasing steadily in response to clinical trials demonstrating clear benefits.
Aldosterone has emerged as a deleterious hormone in the heart, with mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockade reducing mortality in patients with severe heart failure.
Although hypokalaemia is common among patients with heart failure (HF), the prognostic significance of baseline hypokalaemia and hypokalaemia during follow-up in HF patients receiving a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) remains uncertain.
An increase in myocardial collagen content may contribute to the development of heart failure; this might be inhibited or reversed by mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs).
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), β blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are of proven benefit and are recommended by guidelines for management of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).