To investigate the role of ALK1 in heart failure, Alk1 haploinsufficient (Alk1<sup>+/-</sup>) and wild-type (WT) mice were studied 2 weeks after severe transverse aortic constriction (TAC).
Therapeutic targeting of TGFβ signaling at ALK1-5 receptor activity level has met with limited success and extensive research is needed to develop therapies based on the components of TGFβ signaling pathway, for instance cardiac dysfunction and heart failure.