Subsequent gene/ncRNA expression analysis was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and revealed 6 genes: 4 hypermethylated ( HEY2, MSR1, MYOM3, and COX17), 2 hypomethylated ( CTGF and MMP2); and 2 microRNA: 1 hypermethylated (miR-24-1), 1 hypomethylated (miR-155) with significantly upregulated or downregulated expression levels consistent with the direction of methylation in the particular HF subgroup.