Compared with those who took no IL-1 blockage, patients taking IL-1 blockage experienced a decreased risk of overall MACE (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82-0.94), unstable angina (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.98), and breakthrough or recurrence of heart failure (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22-0.87).
Most advanced are clinical studies with IL-1 antagonists showing improved β-cell function and glycemia and prevention of cardiovascular diseases and heart failure.
The promising results of phase II clinical trials of IL-1 blockade in patients with acute myocardial infarction and heart failure have been followed by a successful phase III trial in patients with prior acute myocardial infarction.
Immunomodulatory interventions in myocardial infarction and heart failure: a systematic review of clinical trials and meta-analysis of IL-1 inhibition.
Interestingly, interfering with IL-1 has proved to be also effective in other cardiovascular manifestations, such as myocarditis, arrhythmias, and heart failure.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise on changes in ASC methylation and activation of the IL-1 family cytokine IL-1β in persons with HF.
We hypothesized that administration of IL-1 (interleukin-1) receptor antagonist (anakinra) could inhibit the inflammatory response and improve peak aerobic exercise capacity in patients with recently decompensated systolic HF.
Patients with heart failure (HF) have enhanced systemic IL-1 activity, and, in the experimental mouse model, IL-1 induces left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction.