Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with heart failure (HF) and a reduced ejection fraction.
This study aims to assess the comparative benefit and risk profile of treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) with regard to all-cause mortality (primary endpoint), cardiovascular mortality, or heart failure (HF)-related hospitalization (secondary endpoints) and the safety endpoints hyperkalemia, acute renal failure, and gynecomastia in patients with chronic HF.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Utilization in a Nationally Representative Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Outpatient Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Determinants of anti-fibrotic response to mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist therapy: insights from the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS) and Early Eplerenone Treatment in Patients with Acute ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction without Heart Failure (REMINDER) trials.
Novel nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) are able to lower proteinuria and markers of heart failure, with limited potassium problems and without renal impairment.
Until recently, the combination of beta-blockers, reninangiotensin system inhibitors (angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) formed the foundation of "triple therapy" for heart failure.
Based on considerations of well-established clinical efficacy in hypertension and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and the shortcomings of aforementioned clinical trials in HFpEF, we argue that RAAS blockers including MRAs (mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; aldosterone antagonists) should be used in the treatment of patients with HFpEF.
In the absence of robust outcomes data from a large randomised trial, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist is a reasonable therapy to reduce the risk of hospitalisation for heart failure in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are recommended for the treatment of heart failure (HF) and resistant hypertension, both common comorbidities in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Recent findings suggest that AT1 neprilysin-inhibitors offer better BP control when compared with ACEi, or aldosterone receptor blockers and therefore should be used as first-line therapy in hypertensive patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
Furthermore, emerging therapies such as cardiac myosin activators, soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are undergoing investigation in phase II and III studies of HF patients.
Trials using mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) in myocardial infraction (MI) without heart failure (HF) or systolic impairment have been underpowered to assess morbidity-mortality benefit.
This review summarizes the available clinical and preclinical literature concerning the role of the MR in the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure, with a special emphasis on sex differences in the role of endothelial-specific MR in these pathologies.
Incidence, clinical characteristics, treatment (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker, beta-blocker, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist) and outcomes of patients with worsening HF, defined as ≥90 days of stable HF with subsequent worsening requiring intravenous diuretic agents, were assessed.
An increase in myocardial collagen content may contribute to the development of heart failure; this might be inhibited or reversed by mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs).
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) therapy has been shown to prevent adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with heart failure.
Using the 2008-2012 IBM MarketScan Commercial database, we followed 26,439 individuals aged 18-64 years with newly diagnosed HF and calculated their adherence (using the proportion of days covered (PDC) algorithm) to the five guideline-recommended medication categories: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-receptor blockers; beta blockers; aldosterone receptor antagonists; hydralazine; and isosorbide dinitrate.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist use after hospitalization of patients with heart failure and post-discharge outcomes: a single-center retrospective cohort study.
Our results do not corroborate the long-term benefit of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists to improve survival after acute coronary syndrome in a large cohort of patients with heart failure or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and diabetes.
Elderly heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients (≥75 years) received significantly fewer beta-blockers (77.8% vs. 84.2%), renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (75.2% vs. 89.7%), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (50.6% vs. 59.6%) and ivabradine (2.9% vs. 9.3%), but significantly more diuretics (88.1% vs. 72.6%) compared to patients aged less than 60 years (<i>P</i><sub>for all trends</sub> < 0.01).