Cox proportional hazards analyses revealed that lower body mass index (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82-0.98, P = 0.03) and prior stroke (HR = 2.34, 95%CI = 1.10-4.85, P = 0.03) were independent predictors of all-cause death, and lower serum albumin (HR = 0.44, 95%CI = 0.22-0.92, P = 0.03) along with currently smoking (HR = 4.73, 95%CI = 1.43-14.1, P = 0.01) were independent predictors of major amputation in HD patients.
Albumin separated from hypoalbuminemic HD patients increased endothelial mRNA expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules, and augmented secretion of IL-6.
Therefore, the purpose of this observational study was to analyze the association of albumin leakage with mortality in 690 HD patients who survived one year after enrollment.
In hemodialysis (HD) patients, the bromcresol green (BCG) assay overestimates, whereas the bromcresol purple (BCP) assay underestimates albumin concentration.
Albumin-corrected calcium (cCa) is recommended over ionized calcium (iCa) in hemodialysis (HD) patients per the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes position statements due to cost and feasibility.
The addition of albumin and hsCRP to the conventional risk factors markedly increased predictive powers for all-cause mortality in HD patients (NRI, 19.0; IDI, 0.035).
Pre-HD albumin and creatinine levels are more accurate than post-HD levels and other nutritional indices in predicting one-year and five-year mortalities in HD patients.
In conclusion, bone fracture incidence in HD patients is high and its risk increases with age, female gender, lower serum albumin, and with the presence of more VC.