This study shows the relevance of polymorphisms in APOB (odds ratio (OR), 1.17; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.74-1.85), APOC3 (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.82-2.17) and APOE (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.09-2.80), as genetic risk markers for hypercholesterolemia; polymorphisms in ACE (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 0.32-8.77) and AGT (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 0.97-3.14) for hypertension; and in APOE*3/*4 (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.70-2.51) and APOE*4/*4 (OR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.85-5.12) as unambiguous markers of dementia.
The current findings suggest that the ACE DD genotype enhances the effect of hypercholesterolemia on the development of CHD in the general Japanese population.
Two genes were significantly associated with HH: ACE (OR: 9.20, P<0.0001) and PAI-1 (OR: 2.29, P = 0.007), respectively with the occurrence of the risky alleles "Del" and "4G".
The ENOS Glu298Asp polymorphism was associated with hypercholesterolemia (odds ratio 0.658, 95%CI 0.460-0.940; p=0.025) and the ACE D/I variant was associated with hypertriglyceridemia (odds ratio 0.722, 95%CI 0.536-0.973; p=0.033).
In a low risk group (defined by a body mass index below the median value and the absence of a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia), there was also no association between the ACE gene polymorphism and CAD.