In addition to hypercholesterolemia, the proinflammatory Paigen diet significantly increased VCAM-1 expression with respect to the control group in various tissues, including the aorta, and this expression correlated strongly with <sup>99m</sup>Tc-cAbVCAM1-5 uptake (<i>r</i> = 0.75; <i>P</i> < 0.05).
Effects of bezafibrate and simvastatin on endothelial activation and lipid peroxidation in hypercholesterolemia: evidence of different vascular protection by different lipid-lowering treatments.
Studies in animals have shown that resistance to atherosclerosis in spite of hypercholesterolemia is affected by factors such as high-density lipoprotein (HDL) phospholipids that enhance reverse cholesterol transport, non-responsiveness to induction or lack of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF), or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1).
Inducible VCAM-1 expression by vascular smooth muscle cells in vivo during hypercholesterolemia and in vitro in response to certain cytokines suggests a broader range of VCAM-1 functions in vascular biology than heretofore appreciated.