In addition, higher SD1, triangular index, % FMD, velocity baseline and hyperemia flow velocity as well as lower HR values were observed in the SG, compared to NSG (P<0.05).
High resolution ultrasound was used to measure the brachial artery diameter at rest, after reactive hyperemia (flow-mediated arterial dilation, FMD) and after sublingual glyceryltrinitrate.
Serum polyphenols, antioxidant status (ferric-reducing ability of plasma [FRAP]), nitric oxide (NOx) bioavailability, markers of oxidative stress (determination of reactive oxygen metabolites [d-ROMs] and hydrogen peroxide [H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>]), endothelium function (flow-mediated dilation [FMD] and reactive hyperemia index [RHI]), and exercise tolerance (stress test) were assessed, and the double product was measured.