The data suggest a contribution of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARgamma to genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, but not to insulin sensitivity in hypertensive subjects.
No differences were observed in the distribution of G894T (Glu298Asp) NOS3 genotypes between the resistant hypertension group and the controlled hypertension patients.
Second, an ANOVA was used to test the significance of an association between eNOS genotype and the level of blood pressure within the entire population except for 167 hypertensive subjects who had been under treatment for hypertension.
With regard to the Glu298Asp polymorphism in NOS3, the odds ratio for the presence of hypertension in individuals having the Glu/Glu genotype of NOS3 when compared with those having the other genotypes (Asp/Asp and Asp/Glu) was 2.79.
So far the major findings have included: apolipoprotein E e4, a major risk factor for AD in most populations, is also a risk factor for AD in African Americans but not for Yoruba; African Americans are at higher risk not only for AD, but also for diseases associated with increased cardiovascular risk such as hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome; African Americans have higher rates of hypercholesterolemia than Yoruba: there is an interaction between apolipoprotein E e4, cholesterol, and AD risk in both Yoruba and African Americans.
The results of the present study support that homozygosity for +G894T (E298D) in NOS3 is a genetic risk factor for the development of LVH in patients with hypertension.
Although endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) haplotypes have been associated with hypertension, it is unknown whether eNOS genotypes/haplotypes are associated with resistance to antihypertensive therapy.
Our findings demonstrate that the hypertension-susceptibility variants in PLCE1 and ATP2B1 confer a protective effect on risk of developing anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity, and functional analyses suggest that these genes are influenced by exposure to anthracyclines.
Four loci-ATP2B1 (ATPase, Ca(++) transporting, plasma membrane 1), CSK (c-src tyrosine kinase), CYP17A1 (cytochrome P450 17A1) and PLEKHA7 (pleckstrin homology domain-containing family A member 7)-were associated with blood pressure and hypertension in the Korean population.
The Pro12Ala and the 4a/b polymorphisms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and the endothelial nitric oxide-synthase (eNOS) genes, respectively, have been associated with hypertension in some but not all studies.
We also observed a significant association of 4 SNPs and the GRS with hypertension (ATP2B1rs17249754: P = 0.02; CSK rs1378942: P = 0.02; CYP17A1 rs1004467: P = 0.02; MTHFR rs1801133: P = 0.03; GRS: P = 0.0004).
Ex vivo mRNA expression analysis in umbilical artery smooth muscle cells indicated that reduced expression of this gene associated with the risk allele may be an underlying mechanism relating the ATP2B1 variant to hypertension.
We recommend determination of the 24-h urinary free cortisol excretion and sequencing of the NR3C1 gene in patients with hyperandrogenism and/or hypertension of unknown origin.