The ACE D allele is known to increase the risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and is also associated with increased QT dispersion after myocardial infarction and hypertension.
Unlike the defined role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene in adult hypertension, ACE gene did not show direct influence on childhood blood pressure (BP), rather, seemed to be related to childhood growth with age-dependent characteristics.
5A5A and 5A6A genotypes of MMP-3 (odds ratio (OR) 1.5; P = 0.021), II and ID genotypes of ACE (OR 1.7; P = 0.006) along with traditional ischaemic heart disease risk factors such as smoking (OR 4.9; P = 0.001), hypertension (OR 2.0; P = 0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR 2.9; P = 0.001) and dyslipidaemia (OR 2.1; P = 0.001) increased the risk of STEMI.
We observed no significant increase in the risk of hypertension for either African Americans or Latinos homozygous or heterozygous for the D allele of the ACE gene.
He also presented with hypertension and genetic testing revealed that she had the high blood pressure D variant of the ACE gene in a heterozygous state, which moderately predisposes to hypertension.
The angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D) gene polymorphism was proved to be involved in many pathophysiological conditions, including hypertension and IR.
The aim of this work is to examine the association between hypertension and ACE I/D polymorphism, as well as the contribution of clinical and metabolic parameters on blood pressure.
We used this method to analyze a) a highly polymorphic pentanucleotide repeat (CCTTT)(n) locus within the 5'-putative promoter region of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase gene (iNOS5) which is associated with diabetic complications and infectious diseases; b) a bi-allelic 27 bp VNTR region within intron 4 of endothelial nitric oxide gene (eNOS27) which is associated with hypertension in type 2 diabetes patients with coronary heart disease and excess risk of advanced diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes patients and c) an insertion/deletion polymorphism within the gene encoding angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE/ID) which is associated with cardiovascular pathology and nitric oxide activity, and is in strong linkage disequilibrium with functional variants.
We examined the association between obesity and 13 angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms, including the presence (I) or absence (D) of an Alu element in intron 16 (I/D polymorphism), and performed haplotype analysis using data collected from participants of a community survey of hypertension among blacks living in Ibadan, Nigeria; Spanish Town, Jamaica; and Chicago, IL.
Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) is a significant component of RAS, and an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in its gene has been implicated in predisposition to hypertension.
A suggestive association with SBP (P=0.042), DBP (P=0.01) and hypertension (P=1.4 × 10(-5)) was also detected for ACErs4340 (a proxy for ACE D/I polymorphism) in the joint meta-analysis.
Males had higher OR for the association between ACE I/D polymorphisms and CKD risk than females in Asians but not Caucasians, regardless of adjustment for hypertension (p<0.05).
These data suggest that the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene is associated with an early onset of hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy in Japanese patients with essential hypertension.
Relation of fasting insulin related to insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme-gene and cardiac mass in never-treated patients with systemic hypertension.
Our family-based study suggests that in Chinese, the ACE I/D polymorphism might play a role in the development of obesity and hypertension, which are closely linked cardiovascular risk factors.
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes have been the most widely studied, with the angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D variant being typed in about one-half of all hypertension pharmacogenetic studies.