Using multivariable regression models, we characterized the frequency distribution of abnormal white matter in midlife and investigated associations with hypertension and <i>Apolipoprotein E-</i>ε4 status and the impact of duration and control of hypertension.
TGF-beta(1) may cause endothelial dysfunction in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice via stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the NADPH oxidase (NOX) system and aggravate aortic and heart remodeling and hypertension.
These results suggest that the presence of the APOE promoter polymorphism is not a major risk factor for hypertension but that it does have some minor effect on basal blood pressure variation.
Specifically, compared with normotensive women with the APOE e3/3 genotype, APOE e4 allele carriers with treated hypertension scored lower by 0.50 units (95%CI:-0.69,-0.31); however, the APOE e4 allele carriers with untreated hypertension scored lower by 1.02 units on the TICS score (95%CI:-1.29, -0.76).
Predictors of MCI were APOE ε4 allele (hazard ratio [HR] 1.89; p = 0.008), current depressive symptoms (HR 1.78; p = 0.02), midlife onset of hypertension (HR 2.43; p = 0.005), increasing number of vascular diseases (HR 1.13; p = 0.02), and chronic conditions from the Charlson Comorbidity Index (HR 1.08; p = 0.006).
While midlife HTN is not associated with late life cognitive impairment, midlife SBP is related to late life attention and verbal fluency impairments, particularly among ApoE4+ individuals.
Those with Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive impairment were younger, more likely to have a positive PiB-PET scan and carry at least one apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele; those with subcortical vascular cognitive impairment were more likely to have hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, prior stroke, lacunes, deep microbleeds, and carry the apolipoprotein E ɛ3 allele.
Prospective cohort study based on 54 general practices in the UK; 657 survivors of the 1088 participants in the MRC treatment trial of hypertension in older adults were followed for up to 11 years; 370 participants (57% of survivors) were traced, screened for dementia, and genotyped for APOE in 1994.
The authors examined the risk of AD associated with the APOE-epsilon4 allele, the APOE-epsilon2 allele, smoking, alcohol consumption, history of hypertension, low educational level, estrogen replacement therapy, and history of head trauma with loss of consciousness among samples of white non-Hispanics (WNH) (392 AD patients, 202 normal subjects) and white Hispanics (WHIS) (188 AD patients, 84 normal controls).
Our results not only demonstrated potential interactions of APOE epsilon2/epsilon3/epsilon4 and LDLR C1773T polymorphisms with risk of having ischemic stroke, but also added the evidence of independent role of hypertension and APOE epsilon2/epsilon3/epsilon4 polymorphism in the development of this disorder in Northern Han Chinese.
Cardiovascular risk factors such as high serum cholesterol, presence of the Apolipoprotein epsilon4 (APOE epsilon4) allele and hypertension, play important roles in the development of Alzheimer's disease.
The APOE-hypertension interaction was associated with a small but statistically significant increase in the rate of decline of episodic memory, verbal ability, and global cognition.
Furthermore, after restricting our analysis to Asian populations, the contrasts between the risk of hypertension among individuals possessing ApoE epsilon4 vs. epsilon3 and ApoE4/4 vs. ApoE3/3 were positively reinforced, with ORs of 1.97 (95% CI, 0.93 to 4.15; P=0.08) and 2.27 (95% CI, 1.03 to 4.98; P=0.04), respectively.
An overall comparison of the ApoE gene alleles ɛ4 with ɛ3 yielded a significant 81% increased risk for hypertension (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.41-2.32; P<0.0005).
In pairings of APOE*4 with hypertension (HTN) and congestive heart failure (CHF), the variables contributed independently and additively to all-cause dementia risk.
To evaluate this effect in vivo, apolipoprotein E(-/-) mice were randomly assigned to receive standard chow, a high-cholesterol diet, or a high-cholesterol diet with hypertension induced by angiotensin II infusion for 8 weeks.
For ApoE genotypes, compared with ε3/ε3 genotype, genotypes (ε2/ε2 and ε2/ε3) showed a possible association with hypertension (OR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79-0.99; P = 0.033), and genotypes (ε3/ε4 and ε4/ε4) had a 2.08-fold risk of developing hypertension (OR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.58-2.74; P < 0.001).
Our data show an association between apolipoprotein E genotype and hypertension and support the hypothesis that the apolipoprotein set membership, vertical bar on horizontal stroke 4 allele is a susceptibility locus for systolic hypertension and carotid artery atherosclerosis.