This gives new insights into the mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension and vascular loss in chronic lung disease and identifies gremlin 1 as a potentially important mediator of vascular changes in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
Vascular endothelial growth factor, lipoporotein-associated phospholipase A2, sP-selectin and antiphospholipid antibodies, biological markers with prognostic value in pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic lupus erithematosus.
Vascular endothelial growth factor, lipoporotein-associated phospholipase A2, sP-selectin and antiphospholipid antibodies, biological markers with prognostic value in pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic lupus erithematosus.
Vascular endothelial growth factor, lipoporotein-associated phospholipase A2, sP-selectin and antiphospholipid antibodies, biological markers with prognostic value in pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic lupus erithematosus.
Thus, the BMP system is strongly involved in pphPASMC mitosis through ALK-6, which possibly leads to activation of Smad and MAPK, resulting in the progression of vascular remodeling of pulmonary arteries in PPH.
As enhanced NFkappaB activity has been observed in patients with pulmonary hypertension, Rac-dependent activation of the NFkappaB pathway may be a critical element promoting thrombin-induced TF expression and activity, and thus a prothrombotic state in pulmonary hypertension.
In lung tissues and PASMC from IPAH patients, the mRNA and protein expression of TRPC3 and -6 were much higher than in those from normotensive or secondary pulmonary hypertension patients.
In PASMCs from PPH patients, the BMP-2- or BMP-7-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited compared with PASMCs from patients with secondary pulmonary hypertension.
Furthermore, transplantation of AM DNA-transduced EPCs markedly ameliorated pulmonary hypertension in MCT rats (39% decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance).
In PASMCs from PPH patients, the BMP-2- or BMP-7-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited compared with PASMCs from patients with secondary pulmonary hypertension.
This report reviews current evidence that PPARgamma may represent a novel therapeutic target in pulmonary hypertension and examines studies that have begun to elucidate mechanisms that underlie these potential therapeutic effects.