We found that ex vivo and/or in vivo exposure to rT<sub>3</sub> failed in restoring the decreased <sup>14</sup>C-glutamate uptake; however, restored the phosphorylation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), <sup>45</sup>Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx, aspartate transaminase (AST), glutamine synthetase (GS) and gamma-glutamate transferase (GGT) activities, as well as glutathione (GSH) levels in hypothyroid hippocampus.