UDCA-LPE inhibited TNFα-induced apoptosis and inflammation in hepatocytes in vitro and markedly ameliorated GalN/LPS-mediated fulminant hepatitis in mice, whereas UDCA or PC failed to show protection.
We found that blockade of TNF-alpha reduced inflammation and intestinal damage in amebic infection, while inhibition of IL-1 reduced cytokine production but had less marked effects on inflammation and disease.