Here, we identify a population of CD8<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub> cells that is maintained by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) signaling, and CD80 and CD86 costimulation after acute influenza infection.
The induction of CD80 and apoptosis on B cells and CD40L in CD4+ T cells in response to seasonal influenza vaccination distinguishes responders versus non-responders in healthy controls and aviremic ART-treated HIV-infected individuals.
The immunodominance hierarchy of influenza virus-specific T(CD8+) was not greatly perturbed by the absence of either perforin or T-helper cells or by interference with B7 (CD80)-mediated signaling.