The effects of GSE on visceral changes appear to be evoked by suppressing colonic TLR4-cytokine signaling and maintaining tight junction integrity.GSE may be useful for treating IBS.
<i>Results.</i> We found increased mRNA expression of TLR4 (mean fold change 1.85 ± 0.31 versus 1.0 ± 0.20; <i>p</i> < 0.05), TLR5 (1.96 ± 0.36 versus 1.0 ± 0.20; <i>p</i> < 0.05) and TLR9 (2.00 ± 0.24 versus 1.0 ± 0.25; <i>p</i> < 0.01) but not of TLR2 in the small bowel mucosa from patients with IBS compared to the controls.
Pancreatic autoantibodies are associated with reactivity to microbial antibodies, penetrating disease behavior, perianal disease, and extraintestinal manifestations, but not with NOD2/CARD15 or TLR4 genotype in a Hungarian IBD cohort.