Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is associated with increased circulating levels of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-12, IFNγ, and TNFα, and elevated expression of IFNγ mRNA in lesional tissue such as the spleen and bone marrow.
Visceral leishmaniasis: A novel nuclear envelope protein 'nucleoporins-93 (NUP-93)' from Leishmania donovani prompts macrophage signaling for T-cell activation towards host protective immune response.
Visceral leishmaniasis is associated with a marked depression of T cell responses, which has been characterized by the absence of IL-2 and IFN-gamma production by lymphocytes on in vitro stimulation with Leishmania Ag.
DLL1 expression was significantly (P = 2 × 10(-7)) reduced (mean fold change, 3.5 [SEM, 0.7]) in splenic aspirates from patients with VL, whereas other 6q27 genes showed higher levels (1.27 × 10(-6) < P < .01) than did the control spleen sample.
TLR9 and MyD88 are crucial for the maturation and activation of dendritic cells by paromomycin-miltefosine combination therapy in visceral leishmaniasis.
MCP-1 was also significantly elevated in all patients cured of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), unlike IL-2, indicating the specific memory response generated against <i>Leishmania</i>.
Asparaginase, a pivotal enzyme of the aspartate metabolic pathway is present as two variants in Leishmania donovani, causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL).
A blood monocyte population with a gene signature comprising upregulated expression of TGM2, CTLRs, VDR, PKM, SOCS1, and CAMP1 and downregulated expression of NOS2 and HIF1A was observed in patients with VL but not in controls.
A blood monocyte population with a gene signature comprising upregulated expression of TGM2, CTLRs, VDR, PKM, SOCS1, and CAMP1 and downregulated expression of NOS2 and HIF1A was observed in patients with VL but not in controls.
A novel recombinant Leishmania donovani p45, a partial coding region of methionine aminopeptidase, generates protective immunity by inducing a Th1 stimulatory response against experimental visceral leishmaniasis.
According to RNase protection assay and immunohistochemistry, iNOS mRNA and protein were expressed at higher levels in bone marrow of patients with visceral leishmaniasis than in controls.
Active cases of VL was observed with 2.91-fold increased mean florescence intensity (MFI) of LFA-3 expression on CD14(+) cells compared to healthy control (p = 0.0001).
Active cases of VL was observed with 2.91-fold increased mean florescence intensity (MFI) of LFA-3 expression on CD14(+) cells compared to healthy control (p = 0.0001).
Active PV surveillance of targeted safety, effectiveness and key VL outcomes such us VL relapse, PKDL and HIV/VL co-infection should continue and PV data integrated to national and WHO PV databases.