This paper examines the IL-2, IFN-γ, IFN-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), and monokine-induced-by-IFN-γ (MIG) levels in whole blood-stimulated <i>in vitro</i> with soluble <i>Leishmania</i> antigen (SLA)-taken from asymptomatic individuals and patients treated for VL living in a post-outbreak (<i>Leishmania infantum</i>) area in Spain, and in an endemic (<i>Leishmania donovani</i>) area of Bangladesh.