In conclusion, patients with cirrhosis showed different urinary <sup>1</sup>H-NMR metabolic profiles compared to healthy controls and those with OHE may be distinguished from those with no HE although larger studies are required.
We combined 16S sequencing, NMR metabolomics and network analysis to describe the interrelationships of members of the microbiota in LC biopsies, faeces, peripheral/portal blood and faecal metabolites with clinical parameters.