HRV also impairs cytokine responses to bacteria via the TLR3/IFN pathway, which may prevent resolution of inflammation leading to prolonged exacerbations in COPD.
IL-17A is associated with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis; however, IL-17A regulation of IFN-λ expression remains unclear.
Airway epithelial cells from patients with COPD show higher baseline levels of cytokine expression and increased susceptibility to RV infection, despite an increased IFN response.