In patients with B-cell lymphoma, PD-L1 expression was highest in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, followed by small lymphocyte lymphoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and the lowest PD-L1 expression level was observed in follicular lymphoma (P<0.05).
Thus, PD-L1 and PD-L2 are interesting targets for peptide vaccines in diseases where the tumor microenvironment is known to play an essential role such as multiple myeloma and follicular lymphoma.