Co-infection expressed significantly higher plasma IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 levels than malaria (P < 0.05) but no significant difference with HAT mono-infection (P > 0.05).
Here, we summarize the evidence linking malaria and invasive NTS infections; describe the role of neutrophils in clearing NTS infections; review evidence for neutrophil dysfunction in malaria infections; and explore roles of heme oxygenase-1, IL-10, and complement in mediating this dysfunction.
We will highlight recent advances in our understanding about how IL-10 production by specific immune cell subsets is regulated and consider how this knowledge may be used in drug delivery and vaccination strategies to help eliminate malaria.
Here we found that c-Maf regulated IL-10 production in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in disease models involving the T<sub>H</sub>1 subset of helper T cells (malaria), T<sub>H</sub>2 cells (allergy) and T<sub>H</sub>17 cells (autoimmunity) in vivo.
An up-regulation of IFN-γ during <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria and an up-regulation of IL-10 and TGF-β in soil borne helminth infections was demonstrated.
The frequencies of the IL-10 -1082GG genotype, the -1082G allele and haplotype GCC (positions -1082, -819 and -592) were higher in children infected with P. falciparum than in healthy controls, indicating that the -1082GG genotype and the -1082G allele and the GCC haplotype are associated with increased susceptibility to malaria infection (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.2-10.8, P = 0.02; OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.1-3.4, P = 0.02; OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 2.0-7.2, P = 0.0001, respectively).
The Development of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>-Specific IL10 CD4 T Cells and Protection from Malaria in Children in an Area of High Malaria Transmission.
Malaria co-infection caused an increase in the production of the T helper type 2 (Th2)-associated cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in PPD-stimulated cultures.
Taking into account that this polymorphism is related to decreased IL10 production, a possible role of this SNP in the pathophysiology of malaria is also suggested, but replication studies with a higher number of patients and evaluation of IL10 levels are needed for confirmation.
In this study, utilizing IFN-γ-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and IL-10-GFP dual reporter mice, we show that primary malaria infection-induced CD4<sup>+</sup>YFP<sup>+</sup>GFP<sup>+</sup> T cells have limited memory potential, do not stably express IL-10, and are disproportionately lost from the Ag-experienced CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell memory population during the maintenance phase postinfection.
Hepcidin was positively associated with IL-6 and IL-10 levels and with parasitaemia in subjects with mild malaria and with IFN-γ in subjects with severe malaria.
A population of 267 individuals from Brazilian Amazon exposed to malaria was genotyped for five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), IFNG + 874 T/A, IL10A-1082G/A, IL10A-592A/C, IL10A-819 T/C and NOS2A-954G/C.
Thirty-four malaria candidate polymorphisms, including the sickle cell trait (HbS), were assayed on the Sequenom iPLEX platform while plasma TGF-β and IL-10 levels were measured by sandwich ELISA.
Furthermore, IL-10 levels measured in maternal PBMCs cultured with infected erythrocytes were associated with increased risk of malaria infection in young children (P < 0.001).
In this frame, we investigated the frequencies of TNF-α (-308G/A), TGF-β(1) (codon 10C/T, codon 25C/G) and IL-10 (-1082A/G) SNPs in 133 individuals from Ouangolodougou, a rural village in Northern Ivory Coast, where malaria and other parasitic diseases are endemic.
The RTS,S/AS02A vaccine offers significant partial efficacy against malaria.mRNA expression of five key cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), monokine induced by gamma (MIG), interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured by real-time RT-PCR before and after vaccination with RTS,S/AS02A and Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara encoding the circumsporozoite protein (MVA-CS) in healthy malaria-naïve adult volunteers.
In this study we investigated the role of commonly accepted factors for Foxp3 induction, TCR stimulation and cytokines such as IL-2, TGFbeta and IL-10, in the generation of human CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Since polymorphic variability in innate immune response genes conditions susceptibility to malaria, the relationship between common IL-10 promoter variants (-1,082A/G, -819T/C, and -592A/C), SMA (Hb < 6.0 g/dL), and circulating inflammatory mediator levels (i.e., IL-10, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-12) were investigated in parasitemic Kenyan children (n = 375) in a holoendemic P. falciparum transmission area.